
We do know that the Who, on the other hand, played on with no recognition of 11 dead. We don’t really know how much Travis Scott knew about what was going on in the crowd. People at Riverfront got crushed in the surging crowds and often found themselves with their feet raised off the ground, or standing atop a body, or pressed and squeezed upward while losing breath or breaking bones. The parallels between Riverfront and Astroworld are eerie-not just in terms of the body count, but in the horrific experiences survivors reported. Some resisted this new massification of concerts as it was happening-the Diggers, a group of anti-capitalists who opposed commodification of the counterculture back in the 1960s, once labeled Altamont the “Charlie Manson Memorial Hippie Love Death Cult Festival”-but mostly, music fans lined up to be part of the crowds.Īrena rock’s increasing popularity with ’70s music fans culminated in the tragedy at Riverfront Coliseum in December 1979 (close to the 10-year anniversary of Altamont), when the British band the Who, stars of Woodstock, played to a rampaging crowd that included 11 people who died. They also gave organizers fewer worries about bad weather, of the sort famously found at Woodstock when hippies sloshed through mud left behind from a downpour. Sports arenas, though not originally designed for megaconcerts and also providing lousy sound, could pack in larger crowds and bigger profits.

Over the course of the 1970s, taking no lessons from these tragedies, festivals morphed into “arena rock,” which became less a genre of music and more a cultural institution.


In the late 1960s, as many have pointed out in the days since this mass casualty event, people also died at American festivals-most famously Woodstock and Altamont, both staged in 1969.

With nine victims now proclaimed dead, investigators are still trying to piece together what happened at Travis Scott’s Astroworld horror show on Nov.
